Progressive Pakistan

Introduction The term democracy is originated from two Greek words - Demos and Kratos-. Demos means People and Kratos means Rule. Therefore democracy is the “Rule of People”. It is a primitive concept of consensus, when people would gather in a group and select one of the representatives of the clan to voice whole group or society. Aryan-Panchiat system also manifested this mechanism. Democracy was also exercised through citizen’s assemblies in Greek City States. Interestingly Greek Philosopher disdained democracy as Aristotle said, "this is a Mobocracy -rule of the crowd- instead of democracy". Abraham Lincoln anticipated democracy as the government of the People, by the People and for the People. In other words democracy is the people centered government that is responsive and could be held accountable. Legacy of Polarized Democracy in Pakistan British introduced Colonialism in India via direct and indirect rule. It was made possible with the help of Political Parties, Trad...

Background There has been a misconception about Fascism that it is mindless ,uncultured and a criminal political movement purely based on brute force ,that might be a half-truth because fascists loved and promoted art and philosophy. For instance Hitler was an artist. He loved to paint. The National Socialist German workers Party ; the Nazis were inspired by the political thought and philosophy of German Philosopher Frederick Nietzsche. Furthermore during  1920 and 1930 Nazis gathered an enormous electoral support being the largest party in the German Parliament. Though Fascism remained a popular movement yet it  is the naked authoritarianism. The word "Fascism" is of Latin language ,spoken in ancient Rome that means bundle of rods or sticks, this word was created by Benito Mussolini of Italy. The bundle of rods and sticks in the times of Rome were used to punish people to maintain law and order. At times the rod had blades on it to execute people. The bundle of rods wh...

Introduction Financial Action Task force (FATF) is an intergovernmental organization  established by G-7 summit ,held in Paris in 1989.After terrorist attacks in United States on December  11,2001 ,the organization added countering terrorism financing to it's mandate.  It was founded to combat the threats posed to the banking system and financial institutions. The G-7  Heads of state and President European Union convened the task force from G-7 members ,European Commission and eight other countries. The FATF decision making body ; the FATF plenary meets three times a year. Mandate of FATF To set standards and promote effective implementation of legal ,regulatory and optional measures for combating   Money Laundering Terrorist Financing Other threats posed to International Financial System (IFS) Financing of proliferation of nuclear weapons for mass destruction Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Both money lau...

Background The liaison between civilians -the people without arms- ,the society at large and the military-the people with arms is termed as Civil-Military Relation. The Civil-Military relations in Pakistan are considered inextricable and intact when there is civilian rule earned through vote and will of the people; democracy. When civilian rule or democracy is disrupted through Military coup and despotism, civil-military relations remain in shambles. Since the inception of Pakistan   1947,the country has experienced more than 30 years of military rule. The ideological and ethnic division, crippled institutionalization, political and constitutional crisis between center and provinces paved the way for Military to maintain a superior position in power corridors. The Era of Praetorianism started when General Ayub Khan   (1958-1971) justified the military coup to protect the country from chaos and financial debacle. Though GDP and other economic indicators soared, even indus...

Background of Cold War: The term Cold War was first coined by renowned English author and novelist George Orwell  in 1945 in his essays ,later American media followed the suit. Cold-War has been the conflict of interest ,the rift and ideological difference of Capitalism and Communism ,the mutual distrust and misconception, nuclear arm race and technological advancement of two super powers , started at the end of World War II (1947-1991). US President Truman presented a doctrine in March 1947 before Congress to contain geo-political and geo-strategic influence and expansion of Communist China. The peril of expansion was initially anticipated during July ,1948 in Greece and Turkey where communist political activities were strengthened to overthrow existing system.  US started giving military aids and USAID programs in order to sabotage the political struggle of communists in mentioned countries. Not only in these countries but US commenced to thwart the spread of communism...

Introduction: Fifth Generation Warfare (5GW) is the covert and deliberate manipulation  of actors ,networks, institutions, states or any generation warfare forces to achieve goals across a combination of socio-economic  and political domains while attempting to avoid or minimize the retaliatory offensive and defensive actions and reactions of generation warfare powered actors ,networks, institutions and states. Hybrid warfare is a military strategy that employs a blend of kinetic operations, conventional war ,non conventional subversive efforts to destabilize an adversary. Theory of 5 GW: Donald J Reed states that ,"The development of war has been evolutionary where as it's impact on conventional notions of war is revolutionary and is increasing at an exponential rate" Example: Anthrax and Ricin powder attack on Capitol Hill during 2001 may be considered an early example of 5 GW. Both sets of attacks require specialized knowledge including attacks upon federal govern...